What to do about stained teeth
When you meet someone new, does their smile shape your impression of them? Bright, white smiles leave lasting impacts, but what about when discolouration dulls the sparkle? Teeth staining is a common concern that affects many people, often leading to self-consciousness. The good news is that by understanding the causes, types, and treatments for teeth staining, you can take control of your oral health and restore your smile’s brilliance. Get acquainted with how you can keep your teeth looking their best and brightest.
What stains teeth?
The natural colour of your teeth can change over time, both on the surface and from within. Certain foods, drinks, lifestyle habits, and internal factors—such as trauma or specific medications—can all contribute to these changes. These stains are classified into two main types: extrinsic stains, which form on the outer surface of the teeth, and intrinsic stains, which develop within the tooth structure. Understanding these differences is crucial for determining the most effective treatment.
1. Staining from the outside
Extrinsic stains, or stains that work their way in from the outside, affect the outer surface of the teeth and are often easier to address. Common causes include:
- Foods and drinks: Beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine contain chromogens—intense colour pigments that bind to the tooth enamel, leading to discolouration.
- Smoking: The tar and nicotine in cigarette products create stubborn yellowish or brown stains on the teeth.
- Environmental factors: Prolonged exposure to chlorinated water, such as in swimming pools, can result in staining. This is especially common in children who swim frequently.
Fortunately, extrinsic stains can often be removed through professional dental cleanings, whitening treatments, or even regular brushing with whitening toothpaste.
2. Staining from within
Intrinsic stains begin inside the tooth and can be more difficult to remove. Common causes include:
- Medications: Certain antibiotics, like tetracycline and doxycycline, can cause tooth discolouration if taken during early tooth development, such as during pregnancy or childhood.
- Trauma: Physical injuries to the teeth may cause internal bleeding or increased dentine production, leading to a darker appearance over time.
- Ageing: As enamel naturally thins with age, the yellowish dentine underneath becomes more visible, resulting in a darker tooth colour.
- Dental treatments: Procedures such as root canals or the placement of amalgam fillings may lead to intrinsic discolouration.
Intrinsic stains often require specialised treatments like internal bleaching, veneers, or crowns to restore the tooth’s natural appearance.
How stains can be treated
Effectively treating teeth staining depends on the type and severity of the discolouration. Here are the most common treatment options:
1. Professional dental cleaning
For extrinsic stains, professional dental cleaning performed by a dentist or hygienist can efficiently remove surface discolouration caused by food, drink, or tobacco use. This is often the first step in restoring a brighter smile.
2. Teeth whitening
Whitening treatments target both extrinsic and some intrinsic stains, offering noticeable improvements:
In-chair whitening: A dentist applies a professional-grade bleaching agent to your teeth, often activated by an LED light or laser, to deliver immediate and dramatic results.
Take-home whitening kits: Custom-fitted trays filled with whitening gel are provided by your dentist. These kits allow you to whiten your teeth safely and effectively at home under professional supervision.
3. Internal bleaching
For intrinsic stains, especially those resulting from trauma or root canal treatments, internal bleaching can be an effective solution. This process involves placing a whitening gel inside the tooth to target discolouration from within. It’s a specialised procedure performed exclusively by dental professionals.
4. Restorative treatments
When whitening isn’t sufficient to address severe discolouration, restorative options provide aesthetic solutions:
Veneers: Thin porcelain or composite shells bonded to the front of the teeth to cover stains and improve appearance.
Crowns: Tooth-shaped caps placed over the entire tooth to restore function and aesthetics, often used for heavily discoloured or damaged teeth, and also after root canals.
Consult your dentist to determine the most suitable treatment for your specific type of teeth staining. A personalised approach ensures the best results for a brighter, healthier smile.
Nip stains in the bud
While not all stains can be avoided, adopting healthy habits can reduce the risk:
- Brush and floss regularly: Maintain excellent oral hygiene to remove plaque and prevent stains.
- Limit staining foods and drinks: Reduce consumption of coffee, tea, red wine, and other chromogen-rich items.
- Quit smoking: Avoid smoking or chewing tobacco to prevent yellowing of teeth.
- Rinse after eating: Rinse your mouth with water after consuming staining foods or beverages.
- Visit your dentist regularly: Professional cleanings and checkups can help maintain a bright smile.
When to see a dentist
Persistent discolouration that doesn’t improve with brushing and flossing may signal an underlying issue. Consult your dentist to identify the type of staining and receive safe, effective treatment tailored to your needs. Keep in mind that over-the-counter whiteners might not address the cause and could harm your teeth or gums if misused. Prioritise professional care to ensure your smile remains healthy and radiant.
Love and protect your smile’s radiance
Brighter, healthier, stronger! Get a bright and healthy smile by understanding the causes of discolouration and incorporating preventative measures into your daily routine. For personalised guidance and professional treatments, schedule a consultation with your dentist.
Boost your confidence with a smile you truly love—and that loves you back!